{"id":5575,"date":"2023-05-21T20:05:43","date_gmt":"2023-05-21T18:05:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.apuntesdesanscrito.com\/?p=5575"},"modified":"2023-06-15T23:55:46","modified_gmt":"2023-06-15T21:55:46","slug":"verbos-y-tiempos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.apuntesdesanscrito.com\/verbos-y-tiempos\/","title":{"rendered":"Verbos: tiempo presente, pasado y futuro"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Los verbos se llaman <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0926<\/strong> kriy\u0101pada (palabra de acci\u00f3n) y los tiempos <strong>\u0932\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> (lak\u0101ra).<\/p>\n<p>De los 2200 verbos que hay en s\u00e1nscrito, sus raices <strong>\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941<\/strong> (dh\u0101tu) se clasifican en tres tipos. Los dos primeros tipos usan terminaciones concretas y definen la <strong>voz activa<\/strong> y la <strong>voz media<\/strong> respectivamente:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Acciones para otros: <strong>\u092a\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0948\u092a\u0926\u0940 <\/strong>parasmaipad\u012b.<\/li>\n<li>Acciones para uno mismo: <strong>\u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u0947\u092a\u0926\u0940 <\/strong>\u0101tmanepad\u012b.<\/li>\n<li>Un tercer grupo: <strong>\u0909\u092d\u092f\u092a\u0926\u0940 <\/strong>ubhayapad\u012b, pueden usar cualquier tipo de terminaci\u00f3n. <strong>\u0909\u092d\u092f\u092a\u0926 <\/strong>significa que valen para ambas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Las m\u00e1s usadas son unas 50 ra\u00edces.<\/p>\n<p>Ver <a href=\"https:\/\/www.apuntesdesanscrito.com\/?p=3842\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.apuntesdesanscrito.com\/?p=3842<\/a> para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n respecto de las voces y los verbos en s\u00e1nscrito.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Los 10 tiempos o lak\u0101ras<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Cada raiz verbal tiene 10 lak\u0101ra, de los cuales hay 6 tiempos (ka\u0304la v\u0101caka o tiempos de voces) y 4 modos (prak\u0101ra bodhaka o tipos de expresi\u00f3n). En el s\u00e1nscrito v\u00e9dico hay un lak\u0101ra adicional (\u0932\u0947\u0926\u094d led).<\/p>\n<p>Fuente: <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/in.ernet.dli.2015.403527\/page\/n21\/mode\/2up?view=theater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Brihad Anuvad Chandrika<\/a> Otra fuente: <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/DeshpandeASanskritPrimer\/page\/n75\/mode\/2up\">Deshpande A sanskrit premier<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Los 6 tiempos o \u0937\u0926\u094d \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0935\u093e\u091a\u0915 son:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Presente: \u0932\u091f\u094d \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0932<\/strong> (la\u1e6d vartam\u0101na-k\u0101la es decir, tiempo presente).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pasado<\/strong> (tres tipos):\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Imperfecto<\/strong>, <strong>\u0932\u0919\u094d \u0905\u0928\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0928 \u092d\u0941\u0924<\/strong> (la\u1e45 anadyatana bhuta, es decir \u00abtiempo que no es el presente\u00bb).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aoristo<\/strong>, <strong>\u0932\u0941\u0919\u094d \u092d\u0941\u0924\u0903<\/strong> (lu\u1e45 bhuta\u1e25, es decir para acciones sucedidas en un pasado inmediato).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Perfecto, \u0932\u093f\u091f\u094d \u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092d\u0941\u0924<\/strong> (li\u1e6d parok\u1e63abhuta es decir, para acciones sucedidas en un pasado hist\u00f3rico).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Futuro<\/strong> (dos tipos):\n<ul>\n<li><strong>primer futuro: \u0932\u0943\u091f\u094d \u0905\u0928\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0903<\/strong> (l\u1e5b\u1e6d anadyatana bh\u0101vi\u1e63yat k\u0101la\u1e25, es decir tiempo futuro imperfecto, simple, normal u ordinario). Acci\u00f3n no actual, que est\u00e1 a punto de ser.<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"color: initial;\">segundo futuro: \u0932\u091f\u094d \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u094d <\/strong>(la\u1e6d bhavi\u1e63yat, es decir se refiere a un futuro distante).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Con el verbo <strong>\u092d\u0935\u0924\u093f<\/strong> bhavati (ser o llegar a ser) tendr\u00edamos las siguientes formas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Presente<\/strong>: \u092d\u0935\u0924\u093f&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pasado<\/strong> (tres tipos):\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Imperfecto<\/strong> \u0905\u092d\u0935\u0924\u094d, para acciones sucedidas ayer o antes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aoristo<\/strong> \u0905\u092d\u0941\u0924\u094d, para acciones sucedidas en un pasado inmediato.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Perfecto<\/strong> \u092c\u092d\u0941\u0924\u094d, para acciones sucedidas en un pasado hist\u00f3rico.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Futuro<\/strong> (dos tipos):\n<ul>\n<li><strong>primer futuro<\/strong> \u092d\u092c\u093f\u0924\u093e, para acciones futuras, ma\u00f1ana o m\u00e1s all\u00e1. Se llama tambi\u00e9n \u0905\u0928\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0928 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u094d o anadyatana bhavi\u1e63yat (acci\u00f3n no actual, que est\u00e1 a punto de ser). Es el <strong>futuro simple, normal, imperfecto u ordinario<\/strong>. Este futuro se llama tambi\u00e9n <strong>perifr\u00e1stico<\/strong>, y se traduce como \u00abvoy a \u00bb + verbo.<\/li>\n<li>y <strong>segundo futuro<\/strong> \u092d\u092c\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093f, se refiere a un futuro distante.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fuente parcial: <a href=\"https:\/\/learnsanskrit.org\/nouns\/ppp\/future\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/learnsanskrit.org\/nouns\/ppp\/future\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ejemplos en <strong>presente<\/strong> y <strong>futuro imperfecto o simple<\/strong> (primer futuro):<\/p>\n<pre>Conjugaci\u00f3n del verbo bhavati [bhu\u0304]: <a href=\"https:\/\/sanskrit.inria.fr\/cgi-bin\/SKT\/sktconjug.cgi?q=bhuu%231;c=1;font=roma\">aqu\u00ed<\/a>.<br>Conjugaci\u00f3n del verbo pat\u0323hati [pat\u0323h]: <a href=\"https:\/\/sanskrit.inria.fr\/cgi-bin\/SKT\/sktconjug.cgi?lex=SH&amp;q=pa.th&amp;t=VH&amp;c=1&amp;font=roma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aqu\u00ed<\/a>.<\/pre>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Yo soy un hombre <strong>\u0905\u0939\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937\u0903 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093f<\/strong> aha\u1e43 puru\u1e63a\u1e25 asmi<\/div>\n<div>Yo ser\u00e9 un hombre, yo voy a ser un hombre <strong>\u0905\u0939\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937\u0903 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f<\/strong> aha\u1e43 puru\u1e63a\u1e25 bhavi\u1e63y\u0101mi<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Tu eres una mujer <strong>\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u093f<\/strong> tva\u1e43 str\u012b asi<\/div>\n<div>T\u00fa ser\u00e1s una mujer, t\u00fa vas a ser una mujer <strong>\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0938\u093f<\/strong> tva\u1e43 str\u012b bhavi\u1e63yasi<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>\u00c9l es un ni\u00f1o <strong>\u0938\u0903 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0903 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> sa\u1e25 b\u0101laka\u1e25 asti<\/div>\n<div>\u00c9l ser\u00e1 un ni\u00f1o, \u00e9l va a ser un ni\u00f1o <strong>\u0938\u0903 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0903 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093f<\/strong> sa\u1e25 b\u0101laka\u1e25 bhavi\u1e63yati<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Ella es una ni\u00f1a <strong>\u0938\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> s\u0101 b\u0101lik\u0101 asti<\/div>\n<div>Ella ser\u00e1 una ni\u00f1a, ella va a ser una ni\u00f1a <strong>\u0938\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093f<\/strong> s\u0101 b\u0101lik\u0101 bhavi\u1e63yati<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Nosotros somos adultos <strong>\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093e\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u0903<\/strong> vaya\u1e43 prau\u1e0dh\u0101\u1e25 sma\u1e25<\/div>\n<div>Nosotros seremos adultos, vamos a ser adultos <strong>\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093e\u0903 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0903<\/strong> vaya\u1e43 prau\u1e0dh\u0101\u1e25 bhavi\u1e63y\u0101ma\u1e25<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Vosotros so\u00eds estudiantes <strong>\u092d\u0935\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0903 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0903 \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> bhavanta\u1e25 ch\u0101tr\u0101\u1e25 santi<\/div>\n<div>Vosotros ser\u00e9is estudiantes, v\u00e1is a ser estudiantes <strong>\u092d\u0935\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0903 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0903 <\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\"><strong>\u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0925<\/strong> bhavanta\u1e25 ch\u0101tr\u0101\u1e25 bhavi\u1e63yatha<\/span><\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Vosotras s\u00f3is profesoras <strong>\u092d\u0935\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0903 \u0906\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0903 \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> bhavanta\u1e25 \u0101c\u0101ry\u0101\u1e25 santi<\/div>\n<div>Vosotras ser\u00e9is profesoras, v\u00e1is a ser profesoras <strong>\u092d\u0935\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0903 \u0906\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0903 <\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\"><strong>\u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0925<\/strong> bhavanta\u1e25 ch\u0101tr\u0101\u1e25 bhavi\u1e63yatha<\/span><\/div>\n<div>(\u0906\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0903 se usa tanto en masculino como en femenino).<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Ellos son profesores <strong>\u0924\u0947 \u0906\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0903 \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> te \u0101c\u0101ry\u0101\u1e25 santi<\/div>\n<div>Ellos ser\u00e1n profesores, van a ser profesores <strong>\u0924\u0947 \u0906\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0903 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> te \u0101c\u0101ry\u0101\u1e25 bhavi\u1e63yanti<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Estoy leyendo un libro <strong>\u0905\u0939\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u092e\u093f<\/strong> aha\u1e43 pustaka\u1e43 pa\u1e6dh\u0101mi<\/div>\n<div>leer\u00e9 el libro. voy a leer un libro <strong>\u0905\u0939\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f<\/strong> aha\u1e43 pustaka\u1e43 pa\u1e6dhi\u1e63y\u0101mi<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Est\u00e1s leyendo un libro <strong>\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u0938\u093f<\/strong> tva\u1e43 pustaka\u1e43 pa\u1e6dhasi<\/div>\n<div>leer\u00e1s el libro, vas a leer un libro <strong>\u092d\u0935\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0938\u093f<\/strong>&nbsp;bhavanta\u1e25 pustaka\u1e43 pa\u1e6dhi\u1e63yasi<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>\u00c9l est\u00e1 leyendo un libro <strong>\u0938\u0903 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u0924\u093f<\/strong> sa\u1e25 pustaka\u1e43 pa\u1e6dhati<\/div>\n<div>\u00c9l leer\u00e1 un libro, va a leer un libro <strong>\u0938\u0903 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093f<\/strong> sa\u1e25 pustaka\u1e43 pa\u1e6dhi\u1e63yati<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Nosotros estamos leyendo un libro <strong>\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u092e\u0903<\/strong> vaya\u1e43 pustaka\u1e43 pa\u1e6dh\u0101ma\u1e25<\/div>\n<div>Nosotros leeremos un libro, vamos a leer un libro <strong>\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0903<\/strong> vaya\u1e43 pustaka\u1e43 pa\u1e6dhi\u1e63y\u0101ma\u1e25<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Vosotros est\u00e1is leyendo un libro <strong>\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u0938\u093f<\/strong> tva\u1e43 pustaka\u1e43 pa\u1e6dhasi<\/div>\n<div>Vosotros leer\u00e9is un libro, v\u00e1is a leer un libro <strong>\u092d\u0935\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0925<\/strong> bhavanta\u1e25 pustaka\u1e43 pa\u1e6dhi\u1e63yatha<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Ellos est\u00e1n leyendo un libro <strong>\u0924\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> te pustaka\u1e43 pa\u1e6dhanti<\/div>\n<div>Ellos leer\u00e1n un libro, van a leer un libro <strong>\u0924\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> te pustaka\u1e43 pa\u1e6dhi\u1e63yanti<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Terminaciones seg\u00fan los tiempos verbales<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Cada tiempo verbal tiene una estructura espec\u00edfica:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Presente<\/strong>: ra\u00edz o tallo verbal + terminaci\u00f3n.<br><strong>Pasado<\/strong>: \u0905 + tallo verbal + terminaci\u00f3n.<br><strong>Futuro<\/strong>: tallo + \u0907\u0937\u094d\u092f o \u0938\u094d\u092f + terminaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Terminaciones del presente <strong>\u0932\u091f\u094d \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0932<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p><strong>Verbo bavhati [bhu] (Llegar a ser, devenir):<\/strong> yo llego a ser, t\u00fa llegas a ser, \u00e9l llega a ser; en dual: nosotros dos llegamos a ser, vosotros dos lleg\u00e1is a ser, ellos dos llegan a ser; en plural: llegamos a ser, lleg\u00e1\u00eds a ser, llegan a ser. Primer ejemplo.<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"263\"> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"191\"> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"259\"> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"85\"> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Voz activa<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Singular<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Dual<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Plural<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Primera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">bhav\u0101mi<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">bhav\u0101va\u1e25<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">bhav\u0101ma\u1e25<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Segunda<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">bhavasi<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">bhavatha\u1e25<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">bhavatha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Tercera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">bhavati<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">bhavata\u1e25<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">bhavanti<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\" height=\"17\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Voz activa<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Singular<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Dual<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Plural<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Primera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092d\u0935\u093e\u0935\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Segunda<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092d\u0935\u0938\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092d\u0935\u0925\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092d\u0935\u0925<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Tercera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092d\u0935\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092d\u0935\u0924\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092d\u0935\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Verbo <span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhati<\/span> [<span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dh<\/span>] (Leer):<\/strong> yo leo, t\u00fa lees, \u00e9l lee; en dual: nosotros dos leemos, etc&#8230;; en plural: nosotros leemos, etc&#8230; Segundo ejemplo.<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"263\"> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"191\"> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"259\"> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"85\"> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Voz activa<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Singular<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Dual<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Plural<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Primera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dh\u0101mi<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dh\u0101va\u1e25<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dh\u0101ma\u1e25<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Segunda<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhasi<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhatha\u1e25<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhatha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Tercera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhati<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhata\u1e25<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhanti<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"17\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Voz activa<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Singular<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Dual<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Plural<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Primera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u093e\u092e\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u093e\u0935\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u093e\u092e\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Segunda<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0938\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0925\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0925<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Tercera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0924\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Date cuenta de que la primera persona del singular lleva <strong>a<\/strong> larga, (<span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u0101) <\/span>mientas que las otras dos personas llevan a corta. As\u00ed que las <strong>terminaciones del tiempo presente<\/strong> son las siguientes:&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"263\"> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"191\"> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"259\"> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"85\"> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Voz activa<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Singular<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Dual<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Plural<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Primera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u0101mi<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u0101va\u1e25<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u0101ma\u1e25<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Segunda<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">asi<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">tha\u1e25<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">tha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Tercera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">ati<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">ta\u1e25<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">anti<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"17\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Voz activa<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Singular<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Dual<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Plural<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"18\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Primera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u0906\u092e\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u0906\u0935\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u0906\u092e\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"18\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Segunda<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u0905\u0938\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u0925\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u0925<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"18\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Tercera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u0905\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u0924\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Terminaciones del tiempo futuro imperfecto o simple <strong>\u0932\u0943\u091f\u094d \u0905\u0928\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0903<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p><strong>Verbo bavhati [bhu] (Llegar a ser, devenir):<\/strong> yo llegar\u00e9 a ser, t\u00fa llegar\u00e1s a ser, \u00e9l llegar\u00e1 a ser; en dual: nosotros dos llegaremos a ser, vosotros dos llegar\u00e9is a ser, ellos dos llegar\u00e1n a ser; en plural: llegaremos a ser, llegar\u00e9\u00eds a ser, llegar\u00e1n a ser. Primer ejemplo.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 294px;\" border=\"0\" width=\"805\" cellspacing=\"0\"><colgroup width=\"85\"> <\/colgroup> <colgroup width=\"103\"> <\/colgroup> <colgroup width=\"104\"> <\/colgroup> <colgroup width=\"122\"> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b>Voz activa<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b>Singular<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b>Dual<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b>Plural<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b>Primera<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b>Segunda<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0938\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0925\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0925<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b>Tercera<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"17\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b>Voz activa<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b>Singular<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b>Dual<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b>Plural<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"21\"><b>Primera<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">bhavi\u1e63y\u0101mi<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">bhavi\u1e63y\u0101va\u1e25<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">bhavi\u1e63y\u0101ma\u1e25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"18\"><b>Segunda<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">bhavi\u1e63yasi<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">bhavi\u1e63yatha\u1e25<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">bhavi\u1e63yatha<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"19\"><b>Tercera<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">bhavi\u1e63yati<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">bhavi\u1e63yata\u1e25<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">bhavi\u1e63yanti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Verbo <span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhati<\/span> [<span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dh<\/span>] (Leer):<\/strong> yo voy a leer, t\u00fa vas a leer, \u00e9l va a leer; en dual: nosotros dos vamos a leer, etc&#8230;; en plural: nosotros vamos a leer, etc&#8230; Segundo ejemplo.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 295px;\" border=\"0\" width=\"817\" cellspacing=\"0\"><colgroup width=\"85\"> <\/colgroup> <colgroup width=\"103\"> <\/colgroup> <colgroup width=\"104\"> <\/colgroup> <colgroup width=\"122\"> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b>Voz activa<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b>Singular<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b>Dual<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b>Plural<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b>Primera<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhi\u1e63y\u0101mi<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhi\u1e63y\u0101va\u1e25<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhi\u1e63y\u0101ma\u1e25<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b>Segunda<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhi\u1e63yasi<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhi\u1e63yatha\u1e25<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhi\u1e63yatha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b>Tercera<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhi\u1e63yati<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhi\u1e63yata\u1e25<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhi\u1e63yanti<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"17\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b>Voz activa<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b>Singular<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b>Dual<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b>Plural<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b>Primera<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092a\u0920\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092a\u0920\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092a\u0920\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b>Segunda<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092a\u0920\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0938\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092a\u0920\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0925\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092a\u0920\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0925<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b>Tercera<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092a\u0920\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092a\u0920\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u092a\u0920\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Recuerda que las terminaciones <strong>del tiempo futuro simple u ordinario, pueden construirse con <span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u0907\u0937\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span> o con \u0938\u094d\u092f\u094d. <\/strong>Pero, en este caso, son las siguientes:\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 286px;\" border=\"0\" width=\"839\" cellspacing=\"0\"><colgroup span=\"4\" width=\"85\"> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b>Voz activa<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b>Singular<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b>Dual<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b>Plural<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"18\"><b>Primera<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u0907\u0937\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f <\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u0907\u0937\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u0907\u0937\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0903 <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"18\"><b>Segunda<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u0907\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0938\u093f <\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u0907\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0925\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u0907\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0925 <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"18\"><b>Tercera<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u0907\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093f <\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u0907\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u0907\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"17\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b>Voz activa<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b>Singular<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b>Dual<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b>Plural<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b>Primera<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">i\u1e63y\u0101mi <\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">i\u1e63y\u0101va\u1e25<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">i\u1e63y\u0101ma\u1e25 <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b>Segunda<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">i\u1e63yasi <\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">i\u1e63yatha\u1e25<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">i\u1e63yatha <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b>Tercera<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">i\u1e63yati <\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\">i\u1e63yata\u1e25<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">i\u1e63yanti <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Ejemplos con el verbo <strong>beber \u092a\u093f\u092c\u0924\u093f [\u092a\u093e]<\/strong> (pibati p\u0101), futuro simple:<\/p>\n<pre><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093f \u091c\u0932\u0902 p\u0101syati jala\u1e43<\/strong> \u00c9l beber\u00e1 agua<br \/><strong>\u0905\u0939\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f aha\u1e43 p\u0101sy\u0101mi<\/strong> Yo beber\u00e9<br \/><strong>\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0938\u093f tva\u1e43 p\u0101syasi<\/strong> T\u00fa beber\u00e1s <\/pre>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Terminaciones del pasado imperfecto <strong>\u0932\u0919\u094d \u0905\u0928\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0928 \u092d\u0941\u0924<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p><strong>Verbo bavhati [bhu] (Llegar a ser, devenir, convertirse):<\/strong> yo llegu\u00e9 a ser, t\u00fa llegaste a ser, \u00e9l lleg\u00f3 a ser; en dual: nosotros dos llegamos a ser, vosotros dos llegast\u00e9is a ser, ellos dos llegaron a ser; en plural: llegamos a ser, llegast\u00e9is a ser, llegaron a ser. Primer ejemplo.<\/p>\n<div>yo me convert\u00ed en un hombre <strong>\u0905\u0939\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937\u0903 \u0905\u092d\u0935\u092e\u094d<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>tu te convertiste en un hombre <strong>\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937\u0903 \u0905\u092d\u0935\u0903<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\u00e9l se convirti\u00f3 en un hombre <strong>\u0938\u0903 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937\u0903 \u0905\u092d\u0935\u0924\u094d<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>nosotras dos nos convertimos en mujeres <strong>\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u094c \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0903 \u0905\u092d\u0935\u092e<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>vosotras dos os convertist\u00e9is en mujeres <strong>\u092d\u0935\u0928\u094d\u0924\u094c \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0903 \u0905\u092d\u0935\u0924\u093e\u092e\u094d<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>ellas dos se convirtieron en mujeres <strong>\u0924\u094c \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0903 \u0905\u092d\u0935\u0924\u093e\u092e\u094d<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>nosotras nos convertimos en mujeres <strong>\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0903 \u092d\u0935\u0947\u092e<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>vosotras os convertist\u00e9is en mujeres <strong>\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0903 \u0905\u092d\u0935\u0903<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>ellas se convirtieron en mujeres <strong>\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0903 \u0905\u092d\u0935\u0928\u094d<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>Yo llegu\u00e9 a ser un hombre <strong>\u0905\u0939\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937\u0903 \u0905\u092d\u0935\u092e\u094d<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>T\u00fa llegaste a ser un hombre <strong>\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937\u0903 \u0905\u092d\u0935\u0903<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\u00e9l lleg\u00f3 a ser un hombre <strong>\u0938\u0903 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937\u0903 \u0905\u092d\u0935\u0924\u094d<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>nosotras dos llegamos a ser mujeres <strong>\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u094c \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0903 \u0905\u092d\u0935\u092e<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>vosotras dos lleg\u00e1steis a ser mujeres <strong>\u092d\u0935\u0928\u094d\u0924\u094c \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0903 \u0905\u092d\u0935\u0924\u093e\u092e\u094d<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>ellas dos llegaron a ser mujeres <strong>\u0924\u094c \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0903 \u0905\u092d\u0935\u0924\u093e\u092e\u094d<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>nosotras llegamos a ser mujeres <strong>\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0903 \u092d\u0935\u0947\u092e<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>vosotras llegast\u00e9is a ser mujeres <strong>\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0903 \u0905\u092d\u0935\u0903<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>ellas llegaron a ser mujeres <strong>\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0903 \u0905\u092d\u0935\u0928\u094d<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<table style=\"height: 252px;\" border=\"0\" width=\"831\" cellspacing=\"0\"><colgroup width=\"99\"> <\/colgroup> <colgroup width=\"96\"> <\/colgroup> <colgroup width=\"99\"> <\/colgroup> <colgroup width=\"97\"> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Activa<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Singular<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Dual<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Plural<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Primera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">apa\u1e6dham<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">apa\u1e6dh\u0101va<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">apa\u1e6dh\u0101ma<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Segunda<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">apa\u1e6dha\u1e25<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">apa\u1e6dhatam<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">apa\u1e6dhata<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Tercera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">apa\u1e6dhat<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">apa\u1e6dhat\u0101m<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">apa\u1e6dhan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"17\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Activa<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Singular<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Dual<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Plural<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Primera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0905\u092a\u0920\u092e\u094d<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0905\u092a\u0920\u093e\u0935<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0905\u092a\u0920\u093e\u092e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Segunda<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u0905\u092a\u0920\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u0905\u092a\u0920\u0924\u092e\u094d<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u0905\u092a\u0920\u0924<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Tercera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u0905\u092a\u0920\u0924\u094d<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u0905\u092a\u0920\u0924\u093e\u092e\u094d<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal;\">\u0905\u092a\u0920\u0928\u094d<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Particula \u00abSma\u00bb (\u0938\u094d\u092e) para indicar tiempo pasado mediante un presente<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Se puede usar la part\u00edcula <strong>\u0938\u094d\u092e sma<\/strong> al final del verbo, como sufijo de un tiempo en presente para convertir la expresi\u00f3n en pasado. Ejemplos:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0905\u0939\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u092e\u093f aha\u1e43 pa\u1e6dh\u0101mi<\/strong> Estoy leyendo<br \/><strong>\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u0938\u093f tva\u1e43 pa\u1e6dhasi<\/strong> T\u00fa estas leyendo<br \/><strong>\u0924\u0947 \u092a\u0920\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f te pa\u1e6dhanti<\/strong> Ellos est\u00e1n leyendo<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0905\u0939\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u092e\u093f \u0938\u094d\u092e aha\u1e43 pa\u1e6dh\u0101mi sma<\/strong> Yo estaba leyendo<br \/><strong>\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u0938\u093f \u0938\u094d\u092e tva\u1e43 pa\u1e6dhasi sma<\/strong> T\u00fa estabas leyendo<br \/><strong>\u0924\u0947 \u092a\u0920\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u092e te pa\u1e6dhanti sma<\/strong> Ellos estaban leyendo<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0923\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0948\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0938\u093f kr\u012b\u1e47anti sma pr\u0101\u1e47am\u016blyairya\u015b\u0101\u1e43si<\/strong> Compraron la fama al precio de sus vidas<br \/><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0923\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0948\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0938\u093f kr\u012b\u1e47anti pr\u0101\u1e47am\u016blyairya\u015b\u0101\u1e43si<\/strong> Compran la fama al precio de sus vidas<\/p>\n<p><br \/><br \/><br \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Los 4 modos<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Como dijimos arriba, cada raiz verbal tiene 10 lak\u0101ra, de los cuales hay 6 tiempos (ka\u0304la v\u0101caka o tiempos de voces) y 4 modos (prak\u0101ra bodhaka o tipos de expresi\u00f3n): <strong>\u091a\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0903<\/strong> (cuatro) <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0903<\/strong> (modos) <strong>\u092c\u094b\u0927\u0915<\/strong> (de expresi\u00f3n):\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Imperativo (<strong>\u0932\u094b\u091f\u094d<\/strong> <strong>\u0906\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091a\u0915<\/strong>).<\/li>\n<li>Potencial u optativo (<strong>\u0932\u093f\u0919\u094d \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0919\u094d<\/strong>)<\/li>\n<li>Benedictivo.<\/li>\n<li>Condicional.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Imperativo <strong>\u0932\u094b\u091f\u094d<\/strong> \u0906\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091a\u0915<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Ejemplo con el verbo <strong>pa\u1e6dhati<\/strong> [pa\u1e6dh] (Leer): el imperativo es un modo que expresa un <strong>mandato, un deseo, una petici\u00f3n, etc&#8230;<\/strong>. como (quiero que, espero que) t\u00fa leas, (quiero que) lea (\u00e9l), (quiero que) leamos (nosotros), (quiero que) le\u00e1is (vosotros), (quiero que) lean (ellos).<\/p>\n<p>Lo usual es esperar que el imperativo se use con la segunda persona (t\u00fa, vosotros) pero en s\u00e1nscrito es tambi\u00e9n normal encontrarlo para la primera y la tercera persona.<\/p>\n<p>Si se usa en <strong>modo negativo<\/strong>, como una prohibici\u00f3n, se debe anteponer la part\u00edcula \u00ab<strong>m<\/strong><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">\u0101<\/span><\/b>\u00bb o \u00ab<strong>na<\/strong>\u00bb a la forma en imperativo: \u00abmejor no leas\u00bb, etc&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0920 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0902 No leas el libro, mejor no leas el libro. Esta expresi\u00f3n se puede llevar al infinitivo \u00ableer\u00bb mediante frases como \u00e9sta: \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0902 \u0928 \u092a\u0920\u093f\u0924\u0941\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092f\u0903 mejor no leer el libro. Aqu\u00ed estar\u00edamos ante un imperativo usado en la forma infinitiva.<\/p>\n<p>La voz activa es parasmaipada (acci\u00f3n \u00abpara otros\u00bb):<\/p>\n<p>Ver fuente <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/DeshpandeASanskritPrimer\/page\/n75\/mode\/2up?q=Imperative\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aqu\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Otra fuente: The sanskrit language. An introductory Grammar and Reader. Walter Harding Maurer. Pags. 272 y ss.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 245px;\" border=\"0\" width=\"802\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"99\"> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"96\"> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"99\"> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"97\"> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Activa<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Singular<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Dual<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Plural<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Primera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dh\u0101ni<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dh\u0101va<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dh\u0101ma<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Segunda<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dha<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhatam<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhata<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Tercera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhatu<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhat\u0101m<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhantu<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"17\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Activa<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Singular<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Dual<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Plural<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Primera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u093e\u0928\u093f<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u093e\u0935<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u093e\u092e<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Segunda<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0924\u092e\u094d<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0924<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Tercera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0924\u0941<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0924\u093e\u092e\u094d<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">El modo optativo &nbsp;\u0932\u093f\u0919\u094d <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0919\u094d<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Este modo (que a veces se llama \u00ab<strong>potencial<\/strong>\u00bb o \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0919\u094d vidhilin\u0307) se usa a veces de forma indistinta e intercambiable con el modo imperativo. Aunque se forman de distinta manera, el modo optativo tiene mucho parecido con el anterior. Se usa para expresar un deseo, advertencia, una invitaci\u00f3n, permiso, una petici\u00f3n una posibilidad, etc&#8230; Tambi\u00e9n se usa para expresar condicionales, como \u00absi \u00e9l pudiera ir&#8230;\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Aunque las terminaciones del opcional son \u00abit\u00bb, por las reglas de sandhi se convierte en <strong>et<\/strong>: <b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhet.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Con el verbo <strong>pa\u1e6dhati<\/strong> [pa\u1e6dh] (Leer): \u00a0(quiero que, espero que) t\u00fa leas, (quiero que) lea (\u00e9l), (quiero que) leamos (nosotros), (quiero que) le\u00e1is (vosotros), (quiero que) lean (ellos). Tambi\u00e9n \u00abpodr\u00edas leer\u00bb, etc&#8230;<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 250px;\" border=\"0\" width=\"807\" cellspacing=\"0\"><colgroup width=\"99\"> <\/colgroup> <colgroup width=\"96\"> <\/colgroup> <colgroup width=\"99\"> <\/colgroup> <colgroup width=\"97\"> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Activa<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Singular<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Dual<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Plural<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Primera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dheyam<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dheva<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhema<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Segunda<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhe\u1e25<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhetam<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dheta<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Tercera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhet<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dhet\u0101m<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">pa\u1e6dheyu\u1e25<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"17\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Activa<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Singular<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Dual<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Plural<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Primera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0947\u092f\u092e\u094d<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0947\u0935<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0947\u092e<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Segunda<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0947\u0903<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0947\u0924\u092e\u094d<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0947\u0924<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#FFFF00\" height=\"17\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Tercera<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0947\u0924\u094d<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0947\u0924\u093e\u092e\u094d<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma;\">\u092a\u0920\u0947\u092f\u0941\u0903<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Para estudiar el modo optativo, imperativo (y el resto) puedes ver aqu\u00ed la Conjugaci\u00f3n completa en devanagari del verbo <strong>pa\u1e6dhati<\/strong> [pa\u1e6dh] (leer) <a href=\"https:\/\/sanskrit.inria.fr\/cgi-bin\/SKT\/sktconjug.cgi?lex=SH&amp;q=pa.th&amp;t=VH&amp;c=1&amp;font=deva\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aqu\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Conjugaci\u00f3n completa en transliteraci\u00f3n IAST (diacr\u00edticos) con caracteres romanos del verbo <strong>pa\u1e6dhati<\/strong> [pa\u1e6dh] (leer) <a href=\"https:\/\/sanskrit.inria.fr\/cgi-bin\/SKT\/sktconjug.cgi?lex=SH&amp;q=pa.th&amp;t=VH&amp;c=1&amp;font=roma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aqu\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Verbo Gam (ir) <a href=\"https:\/\/sanskrit.inria.fr\/cgi-bin\/SKT\/sktconjug.cgi?lex=SH&amp;q=gam&amp;t=VH&amp;c=1&amp;font=roma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aqu\u00ed<\/a>. (IAST) o <a href=\"https:\/\/sanskrit.inria.fr\/cgi-bin\/SKT\/sktconjug.cgi?lex=SH&amp;q=gam&amp;t=VH&amp;c=1&amp;font=deva\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aqu\u00ed<\/a> (devanagari).<\/p>\n<p>Verbo Raksa (proteger) <a href=\"https:\/\/sanskrit.inria.fr\/cgi-bin\/SKT\/sktconjug.cgi?lex=SH&amp;q=rak.s&amp;t=VH&amp;c=1&amp;font=roma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aqu\u00ed<\/a> (IAST) o <a href=\"https:\/\/sanskrit.inria.fr\/cgi-bin\/SKT\/sktconjug.cgi?lex=SH&amp;q=rak.s&amp;t=VH&amp;c=1&amp;font=deva\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aqu\u00ed<\/a> (devanagari).<\/p>\n<p>Verbo Krid (jugar) <a href=\"https:\/\/sanskrit.inria.fr\/cgi-bin\/SKT\/sktconjug.cgi?lex=SH&amp;q=krii.d&amp;t=VH&amp;c=1&amp;font=roma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aqu\u00ed<\/a> (IAST) o <a href=\"https:\/\/sanskrit.inria.fr\/cgi-bin\/SKT\/sktconjug.cgi?lex=SH&amp;q=krii.d&amp;t=VH&amp;c=1&amp;font=deva\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aqu\u00ed<\/a> (devanagari).<\/p>\n<p>Verbo Dhava (correr) <a href=\"https:\/\/sanskrit.inria.fr\/cgi-bin\/SKT\/sktconjug.cgi?lex=SH&amp;q=dhaav&amp;t=VH&amp;c=1&amp;font=roma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aqu\u00ed<\/a> (IAST) o <a href=\"https:\/\/sanskrit.inria.fr\/cgi-bin\/SKT\/sktconjug.cgi?lex=SH&amp;q=dhaav&amp;t=VH&amp;c=1&amp;font=deva\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aqu\u00ed<\/a> (devanagari).<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Vid 3 de 4, L 4. 8:41.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">No coincidencia (a veces) de la ra\u00edz y la base del verbo<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Como vemos en los ejemplos de la secci\u00f3n anterior, en todos esos casos la ra\u00edz del verbo coincide con la base del verbo. Verbos como Gam, Raksa, etc&#8230; nos muestran la coincidencia entre ambos elementos. Pero eso no siempre es as\u00ed. Ese el caso de <strong>yacchati<\/strong> <strong>\u092f\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093f<\/strong>, cuya ra\u00edz es <strong>\u0926\u093e<\/strong> <strong>d\u0101<\/strong> (y que significa \u00abdar\u00bb). O el verbo pa\u015byati, <strong>\u092a\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093f<\/strong> cuya raiz es <strong>d\u1e5b\u015b<\/strong> <strong>\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d<\/strong> (y que significa \u00abver\u00bb). Con respecto a este \u00faltimo, en este blog tenemos un gran n\u00famero de entradas que lo usan: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.apuntesdesanscrito.com\/?p=569\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">D\u0157g-D\u0157\u015bya-Viveka<\/a> (<strong>\u0926\u0943\u0917\u094d\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0915\u0903<\/strong>).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Raices debilitadas e irregulares<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>En muchos casos se puede encontrar que la ra\u00edz del verbo s\u00e1nscrito se muestra con la terminaci\u00f3n \u00aba\u00bb, como es el caso del verbo jayati, \u091c\u092f\u0924\u093f cuya ra\u00edz es ji \u091c\u093f, pero muchas veces se refieren a la base verbal como \u091c\u092f. Es mejor usar el sistema de la ra\u00edz debilitada \u091c\u093f. Y luego hay muchas ra\u00edces de verbos que no terminan en \u00aba\u00bb, sino que terminan en \u00abya\u00bb o en otras terminaciones. Esa \u00abbase verbal\u00bb es lo que se conoce como \u00abtallo\u00bb o stem en ingl\u00e9s. Veamos la tabla siguiente, de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.apuntesdesanscrito.com\/?p=3842\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">entrada<\/a> de hace unos meses:&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 318px;\" border=\"0\" width=\"861\" frame=\"VOID\" rules=\"NONE\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"141\">\n<col width=\"86\">\n<col width=\"86\">\n<col width=\"86\">\n<col width=\"189\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"LEFT\" bgcolor=\"#FF9900\" width=\"141\" height=\"17\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\" bgcolor=\"#FF9900\" width=\"86\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">N\u00ba<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\" bgcolor=\"#FF9900\" width=\"86\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Ra\u00edz&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\" bgcolor=\"#FF9900\" width=\"86\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Tallo<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\" bgcolor=\"#FF9900\" width=\"189\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Presente 3\u00aa Persona Singular<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" align=\"CENTER\" valign=\"MIDDLE\" bgcolor=\"#99FF99\" height=\"69\">Primera conjugaci\u00f3n <strong>(regular)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">1<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">bh\u016b<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">bhav-a<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">bhav-a-ti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">4<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">div<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">div-ya<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">div-ya-ti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">6<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">tud<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">tud-a<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">tud-a-ti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">10<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">cur<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">cor-aya<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">cor-aya-ti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"6\" align=\"CENTER\" valign=\"MIDDLE\" bgcolor=\"#FF99FF\" height=\"103\">Segunda conjugaci\u00f3n <strong>(irregular)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">2<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">ad<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">ad<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">at-ti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">3<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">hu<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">ju-ho<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">ju-ho-ti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">5<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">su<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">Su-no<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">su-no-ti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">7<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">rudh<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">ru-na-dh<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">ru-na-d-dhi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">8<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">tan<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">Tan-o-<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">tan-o-ti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">9<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">kri<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">kri-na<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">kri-na-ti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los verbos se llaman \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0926 kriy\u0101pada (palabra de acci\u00f3n) y los tiempos \u0932\u0915\u093e\u0930 (lak\u0101ra). De los 2200 verbos que hay&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[4],"class_list":["post-5575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sanscrito","tag-sanscrito"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.apuntesdesanscrito.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.apuntesdesanscrito.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.apuntesdesanscrito.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.apuntesdesanscrito.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.apuntesdesanscrito.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5575"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.apuntesdesanscrito.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5575\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.apuntesdesanscrito.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5575"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.apuntesdesanscrito.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5575"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.apuntesdesanscrito.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}